This example is running in WebGL2 and should work in most browsers. You can check the WebGPU examples here.
//! A shader that renders a mesh multiple times in one draw call.
//!
//! Bevy will automatically batch and instance your meshes assuming you use the same
//! `Handle<Material>` and `Handle<Mesh>` for all of your instances.
//!
//! This example is intended for advanced users and shows how to make a custom instancing
//! implementation using bevy's low level rendering api.
//! It's generally recommended to try the built-in instancing before going with this approach.
use bevy::{
core_pipeline::core_3d::Transparent3d,
ecs::{
query::QueryItem,
system::{lifetimeless::*, SystemParamItem},
},
pbr::{
MeshPipeline, MeshPipelineKey, RenderMeshInstances, SetMeshBindGroup, SetMeshViewBindGroup,
},
prelude::*,
render::{
extract_component::{ExtractComponent, ExtractComponentPlugin},
mesh::{
allocator::MeshAllocator, MeshVertexBufferLayoutRef, RenderMesh, RenderMeshBufferInfo,
},
render_asset::RenderAssets,
render_phase::{
AddRenderCommand, DrawFunctions, PhaseItem, PhaseItemExtraIndex, RenderCommand,
RenderCommandResult, SetItemPipeline, TrackedRenderPass, ViewSortedRenderPhases,
},
render_resource::*,
renderer::RenderDevice,
sync_world::MainEntity,
view::{ExtractedView, NoFrustumCulling},
Render, RenderApp, RenderSet,
},
};
use bytemuck::{Pod, Zeroable};
/// This example uses a shader source file from the assets subdirectory
const SHADER_ASSET_PATH: &str = "shaders/instancing.wgsl";
fn main() {
App::new()
.add_plugins((DefaultPlugins, CustomMaterialPlugin))
.add_systems(Startup, setup)
.run();
}
fn setup(mut commands: Commands, mut meshes: ResMut<Assets<Mesh>>) {
commands.spawn((
Mesh3d(meshes.add(Cuboid::new(0.5, 0.5, 0.5))),
InstanceMaterialData(
(1..=10)
.flat_map(|x| (1..=10).map(move |y| (x as f32 / 10.0, y as f32 / 10.0)))
.map(|(x, y)| InstanceData {
position: Vec3::new(x * 10.0 - 5.0, y * 10.0 - 5.0, 0.0),
scale: 1.0,
color: LinearRgba::from(Color::hsla(x * 360., y, 0.5, 1.0)).to_f32_array(),
})
.collect(),
),
// NOTE: Frustum culling is done based on the Aabb of the Mesh and the GlobalTransform.
// As the cube is at the origin, if its Aabb moves outside the view frustum, all the
// instanced cubes will be culled.
// The InstanceMaterialData contains the 'GlobalTransform' information for this custom
// instancing, and that is not taken into account with the built-in frustum culling.
// We must disable the built-in frustum culling by adding the `NoFrustumCulling` marker
// component to avoid incorrect culling.
NoFrustumCulling,
));
// camera
commands.spawn((
Camera3d::default(),
Transform::from_xyz(0.0, 0.0, 15.0).looking_at(Vec3::ZERO, Vec3::Y),
));
}
#[derive(Component, Deref)]
struct InstanceMaterialData(Vec<InstanceData>);
impl ExtractComponent for InstanceMaterialData {
type QueryData = &'static InstanceMaterialData;
type QueryFilter = ();
type Out = Self;
fn extract_component(item: QueryItem<'_, Self::QueryData>) -> Option<Self> {
Some(InstanceMaterialData(item.0.clone()))
}
}
struct CustomMaterialPlugin;
impl Plugin for CustomMaterialPlugin {
fn build(&self, app: &mut App) {
app.add_plugins(ExtractComponentPlugin::<InstanceMaterialData>::default());
app.sub_app_mut(RenderApp)
.add_render_command::<Transparent3d, DrawCustom>()
.init_resource::<SpecializedMeshPipelines<CustomPipeline>>()
.add_systems(
Render,
(
queue_custom.in_set(RenderSet::QueueMeshes),
prepare_instance_buffers.in_set(RenderSet::PrepareResources),
),
);
}
fn finish(&self, app: &mut App) {
app.sub_app_mut(RenderApp).init_resource::<CustomPipeline>();
}
}
#[derive(Clone, Copy, Pod, Zeroable)]
#[repr(C)]
struct InstanceData {
position: Vec3,
scale: f32,
color: [f32; 4],
}
#[allow(clippy::too_many_arguments)]
fn queue_custom(
transparent_3d_draw_functions: Res<DrawFunctions<Transparent3d>>,
custom_pipeline: Res<CustomPipeline>,
mut pipelines: ResMut<SpecializedMeshPipelines<CustomPipeline>>,
pipeline_cache: Res<PipelineCache>,
meshes: Res<RenderAssets<RenderMesh>>,
render_mesh_instances: Res<RenderMeshInstances>,
material_meshes: Query<(Entity, &MainEntity), With<InstanceMaterialData>>,
mut transparent_render_phases: ResMut<ViewSortedRenderPhases<Transparent3d>>,
views: Query<(Entity, &ExtractedView, &Msaa)>,
) {
let draw_custom = transparent_3d_draw_functions.read().id::<DrawCustom>();
for (view_entity, view, msaa) in &views {
let Some(transparent_phase) = transparent_render_phases.get_mut(&view_entity) else {
continue;
};
let msaa_key = MeshPipelineKey::from_msaa_samples(msaa.samples());
let view_key = msaa_key | MeshPipelineKey::from_hdr(view.hdr);
let rangefinder = view.rangefinder3d();
for (entity, main_entity) in &material_meshes {
let Some(mesh_instance) = render_mesh_instances.render_mesh_queue_data(*main_entity)
else {
continue;
};
let Some(mesh) = meshes.get(mesh_instance.mesh_asset_id) else {
continue;
};
let key =
view_key | MeshPipelineKey::from_primitive_topology(mesh.primitive_topology());
let pipeline = pipelines
.specialize(&pipeline_cache, &custom_pipeline, key, &mesh.layout)
.unwrap();
transparent_phase.add(Transparent3d {
entity: (entity, *main_entity),
pipeline,
draw_function: draw_custom,
distance: rangefinder.distance_translation(&mesh_instance.translation),
batch_range: 0..1,
extra_index: PhaseItemExtraIndex::NONE,
});
}
}
}
#[derive(Component)]
struct InstanceBuffer {
buffer: Buffer,
length: usize,
}
fn prepare_instance_buffers(
mut commands: Commands,
query: Query<(Entity, &InstanceMaterialData)>,
render_device: Res<RenderDevice>,
) {
for (entity, instance_data) in &query {
let buffer = render_device.create_buffer_with_data(&BufferInitDescriptor {
label: Some("instance data buffer"),
contents: bytemuck::cast_slice(instance_data.as_slice()),
usage: BufferUsages::VERTEX | BufferUsages::COPY_DST,
});
commands.entity(entity).insert(InstanceBuffer {
buffer,
length: instance_data.len(),
});
}
}
#[derive(Resource)]
struct CustomPipeline {
shader: Handle<Shader>,
mesh_pipeline: MeshPipeline,
}
impl FromWorld for CustomPipeline {
fn from_world(world: &mut World) -> Self {
let mesh_pipeline = world.resource::<MeshPipeline>();
CustomPipeline {
shader: world.load_asset(SHADER_ASSET_PATH),
mesh_pipeline: mesh_pipeline.clone(),
}
}
}
impl SpecializedMeshPipeline for CustomPipeline {
type Key = MeshPipelineKey;
fn specialize(
&self,
key: Self::Key,
layout: &MeshVertexBufferLayoutRef,
) -> Result<RenderPipelineDescriptor, SpecializedMeshPipelineError> {
let mut descriptor = self.mesh_pipeline.specialize(key, layout)?;
descriptor.vertex.shader = self.shader.clone();
descriptor.vertex.buffers.push(VertexBufferLayout {
array_stride: size_of::<InstanceData>() as u64,
step_mode: VertexStepMode::Instance,
attributes: vec![
VertexAttribute {
format: VertexFormat::Float32x4,
offset: 0,
shader_location: 3, // shader locations 0-2 are taken up by Position, Normal and UV attributes
},
VertexAttribute {
format: VertexFormat::Float32x4,
offset: VertexFormat::Float32x4.size(),
shader_location: 4,
},
],
});
descriptor.fragment.as_mut().unwrap().shader = self.shader.clone();
Ok(descriptor)
}
}
type DrawCustom = (
SetItemPipeline,
SetMeshViewBindGroup<0>,
SetMeshBindGroup<1>,
DrawMeshInstanced,
);
struct DrawMeshInstanced;
impl<P: PhaseItem> RenderCommand<P> for DrawMeshInstanced {
type Param = (
SRes<RenderAssets<RenderMesh>>,
SRes<RenderMeshInstances>,
SRes<MeshAllocator>,
);
type ViewQuery = ();
type ItemQuery = Read<InstanceBuffer>;
#[inline]
fn render<'w>(
item: &P,
_view: (),
instance_buffer: Option<&'w InstanceBuffer>,
(meshes, render_mesh_instances, mesh_allocator): SystemParamItem<'w, '_, Self::Param>,
pass: &mut TrackedRenderPass<'w>,
) -> RenderCommandResult {
// A borrow check workaround.
let mesh_allocator = mesh_allocator.into_inner();
let Some(mesh_instance) = render_mesh_instances.render_mesh_queue_data(item.main_entity())
else {
return RenderCommandResult::Skip;
};
let Some(gpu_mesh) = meshes.into_inner().get(mesh_instance.mesh_asset_id) else {
return RenderCommandResult::Skip;
};
let Some(instance_buffer) = instance_buffer else {
return RenderCommandResult::Skip;
};
let Some(vertex_buffer_slice) =
mesh_allocator.mesh_vertex_slice(&mesh_instance.mesh_asset_id)
else {
return RenderCommandResult::Skip;
};
pass.set_vertex_buffer(0, vertex_buffer_slice.buffer.slice(..));
pass.set_vertex_buffer(1, instance_buffer.buffer.slice(..));
match &gpu_mesh.buffer_info {
RenderMeshBufferInfo::Indexed {
index_format,
count,
} => {
let Some(index_buffer_slice) =
mesh_allocator.mesh_index_slice(&mesh_instance.mesh_asset_id)
else {
return RenderCommandResult::Skip;
};
pass.set_index_buffer(index_buffer_slice.buffer.slice(..), 0, *index_format);
pass.draw_indexed(
index_buffer_slice.range.start..(index_buffer_slice.range.start + count),
vertex_buffer_slice.range.start as i32,
0..instance_buffer.length as u32,
);
}
RenderMeshBufferInfo::NonIndexed => {
pass.draw(vertex_buffer_slice.range, 0..instance_buffer.length as u32);
}
}
RenderCommandResult::Success
}
}
#import bevy_pbr::mesh_functions::{get_world_from_local, mesh_position_local_to_clip}
struct Vertex {
@location(0) position: vec3<f32>,
@location(1) normal: vec3<f32>,
@location(2) uv: vec2<f32>,
@location(3) i_pos_scale: vec4<f32>,
@location(4) i_color: vec4<f32>,
};
struct VertexOutput {
@builtin(position) clip_position: vec4<f32>,
@location(0) color: vec4<f32>,
};
@vertex
fn vertex(vertex: Vertex) -> VertexOutput {
let position = vertex.position * vertex.i_pos_scale.w + vertex.i_pos_scale.xyz;
var out: VertexOutput;
// NOTE: Passing 0 as the instance_index to get_world_from_local() is a hack
// for this example as the instance_index builtin would map to the wrong
// index in the Mesh array. This index could be passed in via another
// uniform instead but it's unnecessary for the example.
out.clip_position = mesh_position_local_to_clip(
get_world_from_local(0u),
vec4<f32>(position, 1.0)
);
out.color = vertex.i_color;
return out;
}
@fragment
fn fragment(in: VertexOutput) -> @location(0) vec4<f32> {
return in.color;
}